“Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 311(b), a petition for inter partes review (‘IPR’) may challenge claims ‘only on a ground that could be raised under section 102 or 103 and only on the basis of prior art consisting of patents or printed publications.’ Qualcomm Inc. v. Apple Inc., 24 F.4th 1367, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2022). References that constitute prior art because they were in ‘public use’ or ‘on sale’ before the priority date of the challenged claims, 35 U.S.C. § 102(a), were ‘explicitly excluded’ from the grounds that can be raised in IPR. Qualcomm Inc., 24 F.4th at 1376.”
“The questions presented by the decision below are:”