“In the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011, 35 U. S. C. ยง100 et seq., Congress created the Patent Trial and Appeal Board and established three new types of administrative proceedings before the Board that allow a ‘person’ other than the patent owner to challenge the validity of a patent post-issuance. The question presented in this case is whether a federal agency is a ‘person’ able to seek such review under the statute.”
“We conclude that it is not.”